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Whiskey221: Rebellion, Danton and Bradford 

10/24/2015

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PictureGeorges Danton (1759-94)






​Whiskey 221 ~ October 1794, Part 3 of 3
The Whiskey Rebellion 1791-94: Western Pennsylvania
 
 
 
Sincere
 
Free of pretense and deceit are marks of sincere: synonyms include genuine and heartfelt.
 
Georges Danton was a French leader during the revolution and the Reign of Terror.  As a delegate to the National Convention he served as the first president of the Committee of Public Safety; Robespierre was the second and had Danton and 14 others arrested, tried and guillotined for counter-revolutionary activities. Danton’s last public words were: “My only regret is that I am going before that rat Robespierre.”

PictureThe David Bradford House - National Historic Landmark
​David Bradford was an American rebel leader during the Whiskey Rebellion. He was one of the citizen-speakers in the rebellious communities to advocate violence – even more revolution. At a gathering on 1 August 1794, Bradford spoke well of the French Revolution, Robespierre and the guillotine: in ironies of ironies, Robespierre had lost his head on 28 July 1794, four days before Bradford’s public praise.
 
The French Republic sincerely guillotined citizen Danton (and so many others) for voicing difference; the American Republic pardoned citizen Bradford (on 9 March 1799) for voicing difference:

"I—John Adams, President of the United States of America, have granted, and by these presents do grant unto the said David Bradford a full, free, absolute and intire pardon for all treasons, suspicions of treasons, felons, misdemeanors and other crimes and offences by him committed or done against the United States, in relation to the Insurrection aforesaid hereby remitting and releasing all pains, and penulties by him incurred by reason of the promises."
 
Whiskey222 is distillin’ ~ Thanks All!
 
*Next Up: Friday 30 October and calling Steve (for the third year) about my 2016 Halloween Dream; then on Saturday 31 October with the story of George Hempington and the First Hempoween.

Posted by Bryan W. Brickner

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Whiskey221: Rebellion, Robespierre and Findley

10/17/2015

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PictureCartoon showing Robespierre guillotining the executioner after having guillotined everyone else in France.













​

​Whiskey 221 ~ October 1794, Part 2 of 3
The Whiskey Rebellion 1791-94
Western Pennsylvania
 
 
Innocent
 
Our word “innocent” is derived from Latin; the prefix in (not) is attached to nocere (to hurt) creating the meaning not to hurt, or innocent.
 
Maximilien Robespierre built a political career as a French leader before and during the Reign of Terror. He got caught up in the terror himself; after having disposed of adversaries with the guillotine, the ones still left finally turned the blade on Robespierre, 28 July 1794.

PictureWilliam Findley (1741-1821) by Rembrandt Peale
William Findley built a political career as an American leader before and during our revolution and founding. He didn’t get caught up in any terror: just some tax-breaking whiskey rebels. US Representative Findley reported to President Washington in October 1794 about the rebels; he told him that “he would prefer quitting the scene altogether” rather than go through it again. He didn’t quit; Findley continued to serve the new republic, serving long enough to garner the moniker Father of the House.
 
Domestic tranquility is a goal found in the Preamble of our Constitution; not to hurt (innocence) is the means.
 
 
Next Up: The finale of Whiskey221, Saturday 24 October, with a highlight on our American Republic, representation and whiskey rebels.
 
Posted by Bryan W. Brickner

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Word Wars: Napoleon’s Palm, Our Henry Lee and Hitler’s White Rose

8/25/2014

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PictureJohann Phillip Palm ~ 1768 to 26 August 1806









War Cry Heal Union: The series (8 of 10)


For James Wright Foley (1973-2014) and free speech.


Word wars are always already moral. The powers of the moment, be it Emperor, Mob or Dictator, attempt to control the message through morality’s timeless twins ~ silence and violence.

The US Constitution recognizes this aspect of power in the ageless First Amendment (1791):

“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”

The story of free speech and press in Western Civilization ~ from Socrates to Foley ~ is a telling story … 

PictureHenry Lee III ~ 1756 to 1818
Napoleon’s Palm
On 25 August 1806, Johan Phillip Palm, a German publisher living under the rule of law according to the ideas of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte I, was tried in a mock court. Palm had published news ~ behavioral tales of Napoleon’s soldiers in Germany ~ and did not reveal the author to the mockery; the next day, 26 August 1806, Palm was executed by firing squad.

America’s Henry Lee III
On 27 July 1812, Henry Lee III, a famed American revolutionary living under the rule of law according to the ideas of a mob in Baltimore, was pummeled to incapacitation. Lee was defending Alexander C. Hanson and his First Amendment right to publish an antiwar editorial. The defenders of a free press were attacked by a “Be Quiet!” mob; Lee was never the same health-wise and died in 1818.

Hitler’s White Rose
On 22 February 1943, Sophie Scholl, a German teacher living under the rule of law according to the Nazis and Adolf Hitler, was tried in a mock court. Scholl and two Others, part of a group writing under the name White Rose, were found guilty of publishing antiwar pamphlets and writing anti-government graffiti. The three were beheaded almost immediately ~ five hours after the mockery. 

And many Others ~ free speech and press ~ part of everyone's story.

*Next on Ew Publishing’s WCHU: a double feature honoring rebels and constitutions. The Rebels of Harlem Heights begin the summer series finale on Tuesday, 16 September ~ followed by Constitution Day 2014 on Wednesday, 17 September.
~
Posted by Bryan W. Brickner
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George Washington, John F. Kennedy and Hannah Arendt’s Constitutio Libertatis

2/16/2014

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Picture
Hannah Arendt is (surprise) a constitutionalist. She wouldn’t mind the tag too much – others are Marxist and feminist – German and American: she was lots of things.

Arendt (1906-1975) was trained in Europe before World War II, working with the likes of Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger and Walter Benjamin. She fled Germany to France in 1933: the Germans wouldn’t let her teach in their universities because she was a Jew. When the Nazis took over France in 1939, she was interned in a camp and labeled an enemy alien; soon after she escaped, making her way to the United States and New York City in 1941. Arendt became an American citizen in 1950.

The tag of constitutionalist is from Arendt’s chapter four in On Revolution (1963), “Foundation I, Constitutio Libertatis” – meaning orders (regulations) and legal status.

The Latin phrase jumped out at me; at first I thought she might be saying something negative … then I read a bit of the chapter: one page really, page 142. Arendt notes the stages of rebellion and revolution are different by contrasting the historian to the political scientist; she argues the historian looks at “the violent stage of rebellion” while the political scientist looks to “the quieter stage of revolution and constitution.”

That caught my attention: she’s saying revolution by constitution is quiet. I had to read it again – here it is:

“If, however, one keeps in mind that the end of rebellion is liberation, while the end of revolution is the foundation of freedom, the political scientist will at least know how to avoid the pitfall of the historian who tends to place his emphasis upon the first and violent stage of the rebellion and liberation, on the uprising against tyranny, to the detriment of the quieter second stage of revolution and constitution, because all the dramatic aspects of his story seem to be contained in the first stage and, perhaps, also because the turmoil of liberation has so frequently defeated the revolution.”

Arendt argues the French Revolution (1789-99) failed because it lost its way; the American Revolution (1776-83), with its “fever of constitution-making,” highlights her idea of success:

“This temptation, which befalls the historian because he is a storyteller, is closely connected to the much more harmful theory that the constitutions and fever of constitution-making, far from expressing truly the revolutionary spirit of the country, were in fact due to forces of reaction and either defeated the revolution or prevented its full development, so that – logically enough – the Constitution of the United States, the true culmination of this revolutionary process, is understood as the actual result of counter-revolution.”

Arendt refers to the US Constitution as, “the true culmination of this revolutionary process.” She is not running for office – she’s theorizing:

“The basic misunderstanding lies in the failure to distinguish between liberation and freedom; there is nothing more futile than rebellion and liberation unless they are followed by the constitution of the newly won freedom.”

Constitution again … then Arendt finishes the paragraph by quoting a founder:

“For ‘neither morals, nor riches, nor discipline of armies, nor all these together will do without a constitution’ (John Adams).”

Arendt’s On Revolution was published in 1963, the year of President Kennedy’s assassination (a moment of violence); she wrote of his death for the New York Review of Books that December: The Fate of the Union: Kennedy and After.

Arendt was born into a monarchy, fled fascism, wrote of quiet revolution by constitution, and then lived through America’s turbulent 1960s. It’s no wonder Arendt was fond of America’s revolutionaries, men like George Washington and John Adams. She knew their faults. She also knew they understood Constitutio Libertatis and lived it – just like Hannah Arendt did.

Happy Presidents Day America ~ And Happy Birthday George!

Bryan W. Brickner
~
Hannah Arendt Movie Trailer (2013)

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    Author

    Brickner has a 1997 political science doctorate from Purdue University, cofounded Illinois NORML in 2001, and was a 2007 National NORML Cannabis Advocate Awardee. He is also publisher and coauthor of the 2011 book banned by the Illinois Department of Corrections – The Cannabis Papers: A Citizen’s Guide to Cannabinoids.

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